Obtaining US citizenship is a process that offers multiple benefits, including the right to vote, greater legal stability and access to more job opportunities and government programs. However, not all legal permanent residents can apply immediately, as they must meet certain requirements established by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
As of 2025, the rules for naturalization follow a structured process, which includes criteria for residence, good behavior and knowledge of the country. This article details the key requirements and the steps required to complete the application for citizenship in the United States.
Who can apply for US citizenship?
To start the naturalization process, applicants must meet the following criteria:
- Minimum age: Be at least 18 years old at the time of application.
- Continuous residence: Have lived in the United States for at least five years as a Green Card holder (permanent residence).
- Physical presence: Have remained in the country for at least 30 months within that five-year period.
- Residence in the state: Live in the state or USCIS district where the application is submitted for a minimum of three months.
- Good moral character: Demonstrate ethical conduct and respect for US laws throughout the residency process.
- Proficiency in English: Be able to read, write and speak basic English in order to complete the interview and the naturalization exam.
- Civic knowledge: Have an understanding of the history and system of government of the United States, which will be assessed in the citizenship test.
- Commitment to the Constitution: Show loyalty and commitment to the principles of the US Constitution.
- Oath of Allegiance: Be willing to take the Oath of Allegiance, the final step in becoming a citizen.
Step by step: How to apply for US citizenship
The naturalization process consists of several stages that must be completed correctly in order to obtain approval:
- Verify eligibility: Confirm that all requirements are met before starting the application.
- Submit Form N-400: Complete and submit the Application for Naturalization along with the required documentation and payment of fees.
- Biometric appointment: In some cases, USCIS requests fingerprints and a photograph to carry out background checks.
- Interview and exam: Attend an interview with a USCIS officer, who will evaluate the application and administer the English and civics tests.
- Decision by USCIS: Receive official notification of the approval or denial of the application. In some cases, USCIS may request additional information.
- Naturalization ceremony: If the application is approved, the applicant must attend the Oath Ceremony, where they officially become a citizen of the United States.
The importance of preparing for the process
Obtaining US citizenship is a significant step that requires preparation. It is essential to stay informed about changes in immigration laws, review documentation in advance, and practice for the naturalization exam.
In addition, it is advisable to consult with an immigration attorney or use USCIS resources to ensure an error-free application. With proper documentation and solid preparation, the path to citizenship can be smoother and more successful.